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elcome to Foundations of GTK+ Development! In this book, you will acquire a comprehensive understanding of GIMP Toolkit (GTK+) that can help you to become a proficient graphical programmer. Before continuing, you should be aware that this book is aimed at C programmers, so we will jump right into using GTK+. Time will not be spent covering information you already know. To get the most out of this book, you should follow along with each of the examples and try the exercises found at the end of most chapters. Getting started with GTK+ on Linux is quite simple, because the majority of modern distributions are typically bundled with the necessary libraries and tools. Nevertheless, you need to make sure that you already have a few tools installed including the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), the GTK+ 2.0 libraries, and the associated development packages. Later in this chapter, you will learn how to install these applications. If you do not have a compiler, you can still use this book, but you will get more out of it if you do the exercises. The best way to learn GTK+ is to use it!

In addition to physical security, there are many technical levels of security that are important. Technological security can be divided into three components: application security, OS security, and network security. Note that our use of the word technological to group together application, OS, and network security may not be the best of terms! Clearly, various types of technology can also be used to achieve physical security. For example, employees can be given electronic badges, and badge readers can be put on the door of the server room. The badges and readers clearly employ technology but here, we use the term technological security to refer to softwarerelated application, OS, and network security technology.

NOTE The rest of this book assumes that you have ASP.NET MVC 2 installed,

I consider widget hierarchy one of the most important topics of discussion when learning GTK+. While it is not difficult to understand, without it, widgets would not be possible as they exist today. To understand this topic, we will look at gtk_window_new(), the function used to create a new GtkWindow object. You will notice in the following line that, while we want to create a new GtkWindow, gtk_window_new() returns a pointer to a GtkWidget. This is because every widget in GTK+ is actually a GtkWidget itself. GtkWidget* gtk_window_new (GtkWindowType type); Widgets in GTK+ use the GObject hierarchy system, which allows you to derive new widgets from those that already exist. Child widgets inherit properties, functions, and signals from their parent, their grandparent, and so on, because they are actually implementations of their ancestors themselves. Widget hierarchy in GTK+ is a singly inherited system, which means that each child can have only one direct parent. This creates a simple linear relationship that every widget implements. You will learn how to derive your own child widgets in 11. Until then, we will use widget hierarchy to take advantage of inherited methods and properties. In Figure 2-2, a simple outline of the widget hierarchy of the GtkWindow class is illustrated.

In the left pane, under Project Types, select Web. In the Templates pane, select ASP.NET MVC 2 Web Application. Give the application a name and location, and click OK. You re greeted with a dialog box (figure 1.3) that asks you if you want to create a unit test project. Normally we d recommend creating a unit test project because most nontrivial projects need automated tests, but to keep this chapter focused, we ll select No for now. Your project is ready to go. Visual Studio created a number of folders for you. Let s examine them and see what their purposes are:

s Note Our illustrations of various types of access control models using UNIX have been shown for conceptual clarity only. Various implementations of UNIX may implement ACLs using different data structures than in the tables we have used.

Figure 2-1 The widget hierarchy of GtkWindow Figure 2-1 may look daunting at first, but let s look at each class type one at a time to make things easier to understand: GObject is the fundamental type providing common attributes for all libraries based on it including GTK+ and Pango It allows objects derived from it to be constructed, destroyed, referenced, and unreferenced It also provides the signal system and object property functions You can cast an object as a GObject with G_OBJECT() If you try to cast an object with G_OBJECT() that is not a GObject or derived from it, GLib will throw a critical error, and the cast will fail This will occur with any other GTK+ casting function GInitiallyUnowned should never be accessed by the programmer, since all of its members are private It exists so that references can be floating.